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[感受化学之美] 【科学美国人】化学的前世今生

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发表于 2013-2-6 01:13:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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前提说明：本文翻译自著名杂志 ScientificAmerican-chemistry:the human science【目前该网站的blog检修，可能连接进不了】
               鄙人第一次在化学版发帖，如有不妥，请谅解~
               介于鄙人非化学专业，也就翻译一下这则比较科普的文章。【为什么物理没有这样的，喂~】
               标题的“化学的前世今生”来源于译言网译者：sharinglove的翻译，鄙人介于网络版权就不转载他的翻译，有兴趣的可以自行到译言去看他的翻译。

以下是中英对照全文：

A tiny molecule harvested from a soil bacterium on Easter Island that evolved billions of years ago for no obvious purposes should have nothing to do with human beings. Yet it turns out miraculously to have potent immunosuppressive properties that allow doctors to successfully perform a liver transplant in a young girl.
复活节岛上一小块土壤中富含的细菌经过千万年演化而生成的化学物质，对于人类来说没有多少意义。但当医生借助其有强抗免疫特性，成功地为一个小女孩完成了肝移植手术，这种情况变发生了变化。

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Figure 1: A plaque on Easter Island commemorating the discovery of a bacterium producing rapamycin, a potent immunosuppressant. Since its discovery, rapamycin has allowed the successful transplantation of organs into millions of patients (Image credit: Wikipedia)
图1：复活节岛的一块铭牌，纪念抗免疫物质——纳巴霉素的发现。自从其被发现以来，纳巴霉素被广泛应用于各种器官移植（图片来自wiki）

In India, an excited young bride celebrates her upcoming wedding by coloring her hands bright yellow with turmeric, a spice that has been used for centuries as a key culinary ingredient. In France, a similar hallowed tradition demands a copious flow of red wine at weddings. In China, a bride and groom offer ginseng tea to their parents as part of a ritual.
在印度，一名欣喜的年轻新娘庆祝她即将迎来的婚礼——用姜黄将双手涂成明黄色，几世纪以来姜黄被作为一种厨房调料。在法国，婚礼中用到的大量红酒也是与此相类似的一种神圣仪式。在中国，新郎新娘向父母敬献参茶是婚礼中的重要环节。

Oblivious of all these events, thousands of miles away in the United States, scientists are struck by the remarkable effect that the active ingredients in turmeric, red wine and ginseng tea seem to have on a variety of disorders, from cancer to Alzheimer’s disease. Perhaps, they ardently hope, there’s a cure in there somewhere.
除开这些事情，在千里之外的美国，科学家们被姜黄、红酒中活性物质的功效震惊了，而参茶似乎对从癌症到阿兹海默病的治疗都有作用。或许他们正热切地盼望，真正的治愈手段就在这里。

Chemistry is the human science. What the general public refers to as "chemicals" have a profound effect on our way of life. They can forge a bridge between the metabolism of a billion year-old sponge and the fervent hopes of a mother for her daughter’s life, between the joy of traditional weddings and food and that of seeing a loved one being cured of a terrible malady. Physics may concern itself with the beginnings of deep time and biology turns its eye on the origin of humanity itself. The wonders of physics and biology are undoubtedly spectacular, but chemistry is the science that most directly engages with our senses, the discipline that confronts us face-on every single day of our lives and demands that we react.
化学是人类科学。大众们所说的“化学物质”对我们的日常生活影响巨大。他们能建起一座桥梁：无论是从百万年的海绵体新陈代谢的产物到渴望挽救女儿生命的母亲，还是传统婚礼的愉悦到见证所爱之人摆脱疾病。物理或许关注于时间起源而生物着眼于人类诞生。物理与生物的奇迹无疑是灿烂夺目的，但化学却是一门与我们联系最紧密的科学，它聚焦于我们每日的所用所需。

Chemicals delight, enrage, tease, beguile, provoke, subdue, reward, bully, soothe, punish, kill and save as directly and dramatically as human beings. Just like humans they have personalities that manifest themselves under the right circumstances. Like long-lost friends they can materialize in our lives in the form of a life-saving drug, a dab of color on a dull day or the material in a particularly comfortable new mattress. And like sworn enemies they can incapacitate us on battlefields, deform our children and provoke us to endless debate and politicking about the effects of their vanishingly small traces in the environment. Chemistry is the middle kingdom, the land which engages us with its familiarity at all levels, from the trite to the life altering. Like the landscape of Middle Earth, it is full of fascinating and baffling curiosities, triumphs and tragedies, foolishness and wisdom.
化学物质和人类一样，具有着喜怒哀乐七情六欲。就像人类一样，在不同的环境下他们会显示出不同的性质。像多年不见的老友一样，他们以不同的形态出现，既可以化身为救命良药，无趣时光的鲜亮色彩或是舒适的床垫。也可以变成不屈的敌人，在战场上致我们以死地，使我们的新生儿畸形，迫使我们无休止地争吵关于他们对环境造成的潜移默化的影响。化学是个中立的王国，一片激发我们在不同阶段学习的乐土，从老生常谈到生命进化。像中土大陆的风景，充满迷人而困惑的奇人怪物，有着喜剧与悲剧，愚昧与智慧。

As we celebrate the International Year of Chemistry this year, it is worth pondering the nature of this "central science" [1]. What makes chemistry unique is that its defining constituents- molecules- can have a startlingly direct relationship on an individual basis with world events and the rise and fall of nations. No other science can claim such well-defined and powerful connections between a handful of its building blocks and key aspects of history, economics culture. Consider just two facts. Even today, the strength of the economy of a country can be judged by the magnitude of its production of a single chemical- sulfuric acid [2].
如今我们庆贺着国际化学年【2011年】,化学被称为中流自然科学【上流学科是物理、数学，下流是生物】。让化学脱颖而出的是他定义了基本构成——分子，她能惊人地指出基本个体与大事件间的关系，以及国家的涨落。其他任何一们科学能找出如此绝妙规定又有力的联系，从他的基本构成，重要的历史事件以及经济文化。只用考虑两方面。直至今日，国家经济总量仍然可以用一种化学物质的产量来衡量——硫酸。

Or consider that it was cellulose- in the form of cotton- that was at the root of slavery and the American Civil War. During the early days of imperialism, it was avarice for a select few materials like indigo dyes and silk that led expansion and trade in the East [3]. And wars have been fought over substances like saltpeter in South America [4] and opium in China [5] whose properties and allure were defined by one or two dominant molecules; sodium nitrate in the case of saltpeter and morphine in the case of opium. It is not an exaggeration to say that individual molecules have held remarkable sway over entire economies, cultures and political relationships. Throughout history, chemistry through its forging of precious and unique arrangements of atoms has influenced the fortunes of humans in visceral and vivid ways.
或者想一想纤维素，棉絮的构成物质，植根于奴隶制度及美国南北战争。在帝国时代的早期，掠去靛蓝染料与丝绸的贪欲导致了殖民地扩张与东方贸易市场的开辟。战争也因化学品而打响，比如南美的硝石战争与中国的鸦片战争，这些化学品的特性只是因其中的一到两种化学物质而决定；硝石中的硝酸钠与鸦片中的吗啡【@morphine 】。可以毫不夸张地说就是这单一的化学物质支配了世界政经文的起伏。贯穿历史，化学仅仅通过变换其他的宝贵而独特的原子排列就撼动了人类的未来。

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Figure 2: A battle scene from the Opium Wars from the mid-nineteenth century. Opium which is extracted from the seeds of the poppy plant owes its properties to one dominant molecule- morphine. (Image)
图2:19世纪中叶，鸦片战争中的战争场面。鸦片——一种从罂粟花的种子中提取的物质，靠其中的吗啡发挥功效。

It is precisely because chemistry is the human science that people have a decidedly ambivalent and often confused relationship with it. You won’t hear many heated debates on television about the fine tuning of the cosmological constant or the evolution of the opposable thumb, but the media is rife with vociferous controversies about the side effects of drugs against heart disease, the apparent proliferation of bisphenol A in the environment [6] or the rise of ‘designer’ narcotics that provide ‘legal highs’ [7]. Every one of these controversies centers directly on a molecule or a family of molecules, and each one affects millions of people personally every day.
确切的说因为化学是一门人类科学，人们对他的评价具有两面性，经常抱持着矛盾的看法。你一定不会听到电视上有那些关于宇宙常数和与之相对应的难点的热情讨论，但是媒体越来越喜欢将论战的炮火引向心脏病药物的副作用，对环境有显著影响的双酚A或者日益猖獗的合法类精神药物。这类争论聚焦于一种或一类分子，他们每日影响着数以千计的人。

This direct connection to all our problems and promises is what makes chemistry stand out and elevates it from its reductionist roots in physics. Molecules are more than the sum of their constituent atoms, and they connect with our senses in ways that are much more tangible and diverse than abstract notions of energy, forces and fields.
这是这些与日常得失直接的联系使化学从原本的起源学科物理中单立出来。分子不仅仅是一堆规则排列的原子的集合，相对于能量、力、场这些抽象概念，他更直观且贴近生活。

When I smell freshly cut grass, I am directly smelling a simple molecule called cis-3-hexenol; when I first smelt this compound and then smelt cut grass, it etched an unforgettable connection in my mind. Gravity may be all encompassing, but you can’t gift a small piece of gravity to someone on his or her birthday in a box, which they can then spray on their clothing. Quarks may be the ubiquitous building blocks of matter, but a quark does not allow you to readily distinguish between two compounds with exactly the same chemical formula, one of which can cure your diabetes while the other kills you by paralyzing your nerves.
当我闻到刚割下的青草时，我首先闻到的是叫乙烯醇的一种分子；当我已经闻过这种气味，又一次闻割下的青草，这种不可磨灭的气味便植根于我心。重力无处不在，但是你不能将一小块重力打包作为朋友的生日礼物，然后等着重力扑向你的朋友。夸克或许是构成物质的最基本粒子，但是夸克不能让你轻而易举地分辨出有相同化学式但构成不同的两种分子，一种可以治疗你的糖尿病，而另一种使你神经瘫痪而死。

Such diversity cannot be captured by physics alone. And for all the profound implications of the second law of thermodynamics for life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, it’s hard to have a personal relationship with entropy. It’s equally hard to fathom the ages of geological time that drive evolution or to directly see the folding and unfolding of DNA on an everyday basis. But to experience the very soul of chemistry, the actual molecules without which the science would not exist, one only has to reach out into his or her medicine closet, kitchen, insecticide drawer and laundry room. In each one of these places you will find a microcosm of molecules which directly impact the look, smell, touch, and sound of everything that you see.
这些多样性构成不能光由物理办到。至于说热力学第二定律的深刻含义不会和人们追求的自由幸福相关，而个人生活也很难与熵扯上关系。同样地，理解地质年代和DNA的解旋和复旋在日常生活中非常困难。但是体验化学的真谛，“科学无处不分子”，人们只要触及药橱、厨房、有杀虫剂的柜子与洗衣房就可以。在那里的每一处，你都可以直接感触微观分子，正是微观的构成影响着你所感受到的形状、味道、触感与声音。

It is this very personal impact of molecular structures on our senses and sensibilities that has created the perceived and real fear of everything "chemical". This fear often causes confusion, leading us to brand anything "natural" (supposedly including snake venom) as good and anything "artificial" (supposedly including a synthetic drug for heart disease) as bad. It has caused the lexicon of chemistry to collide with popular culture in ways that leave chemists perplexed; the word "organic" for instance, especially as connected to the organic food movement, has completely transcended its original meaning in the chemist’s dictionary. For a chemist, many organic compounds like dioxin and botulism toxin are extremely toxic, while inorganic compounds like sodium chloride or lithium are harmless or even beneficial.
正是化学物质对我们感官的影响让我们对“化学物质”本身有着原始的恐惧。这种恐惧制造混乱，让我们认为“天然的”（包括蛇毒）是好的而凡是“人造的”（包括合成的心脏病药物）都是坏的。主流文化与化学定义相抵触让化学家深感困惑；例如“有机”，特别是和有机食物运动相联系，完全超出了化学家对有机的原始定义。对于一名化学家，很多有机化合物像二噁英和肉毒毒素是剧毒的，而无机物像氯化钠或锂单质都是无毒甚至有益的。

The fear of chemicals is often unjustified but its roots reach out into the very nature of chemical substances and indeed into human nature itself. There is a deep-seated reason why the tale of Jekyll and Hyde has transcended cultures and ages. It is because we understand that there is a Jekyll and Hyde in each one of us, waiting for the right moment to step out of the shadows. This ambiguity in human behavior translates faithfully to chemical behavior; like Jekyll and Hyde, almost every arrangement of atoms inherently presents two faces to us and this has led us to sustain a love-hate relationship with chemicals.
对化学的恐惧通常是无根据的，但却是植根于化学物质本身与人类天性。杰柯尔与海德的故事【《化身博士》】能渊源流传有个更深层次的原因。我们知道每个人心中都住着杰柯尔与海德，他们默默伺机而出。人类的这种两面行为也真实地反映化学物质的作用中；就像杰柯尔与海德，几乎所有的原子排列能固有地对我们展示两面性，这使得我们对化学物质既恨又爱。

But it is up to us to decide which face we want to see. Do we want to see the murderous face of nitrogen mustard gases which were used in World War 1 during the first large-scale waging of chemical warfare? Or do we want to see the noble face of nitrogen mustard analogs which peace-loving men and women harnessed a few decades later into the first anticancer drugs [8]?
但是这取决于我们希望看到哪一面。我们是想看到氮芥气在一战中作为大规模化学武器肆掠横行？还是他好的一面，在数十年后被爱好和平的人士作为抗癌药物？

Some of the most beneficial compounds in anticancer therapy owe their origin to some of the most gruesome agents used in war. The adage "what does not kill you makes you stronger" applies more to chemistry that we can imagine. Phosphate fertilizers pose another example of a chemical Jekyll and Hyde; these compounds which have saved literally billions from starvation are also responsible for algal blooms in streams and rivers which can kill off entire ecosystems by choking their nutrient and oxygen supply.
一些高效抗癌物质最初都是战场上的恐怖杀手。有句名言“能杀死你的事物能把你变强”，这非常符合我们所想的化学。磷肥能代表另一种化学中的杰柯尔与海德的故事；磷肥拯救了万千饥荒的民众，同时对于水体富营养化造成水华破坏生态系统负有责任。

Sometimes it takes a simple change in the orientation of certain atoms to transform a cure into a monster. Thalidomide infamously caused birth defects when it was administered to pregnant women as a pill for morning sickness. In this case the culprit was not a different molecule but simply the mirror image counterpart of the compound (created by metabolism inside the body) that caused such grievous harm.
有时候一个简单的原子排列变化就能使治愈变成致郁。镇静剂能治疗孕妇的晨间呕吐但与此同时可能引起婴儿出生缺陷。如此情形，罪魁祸首不是其他分子而仅仅只是该分子的镜像分子（由体内的新陈代谢产生）造成的副作用。

Alice herself could not have imagined the nightmare waiting for her on the other side of the looking glass. But ironically, thalidomide has recently seen resurgence on a limited scale as a therapy for multiple myeloma, a deadly disease. Like some human beings, molecules can be forgiven and resurrected for useful purposes after being cast aside as pariahs. We all deserve a second chance.
爱丽丝不能想象到在镜子的另一半等待她的是一场噩梦【《爱丽丝梦游仙境》】。但奇妙地【明明就是略嘲讽地】是，最近的研究中镇静剂被发现对于治疗多发性骨髓癌，一种致命疾病，有显著疗效。像人类一样，化学物质也能被原谅，能改过自新脱离贱民的阶级。我们都有自新的机会。

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Figure 3: The tale of Jekyll and Hyde- dramatized here in a movie poster- serves as an accurate metaphor for molecules, many of which can demonstrate strikingly different properties depending on subtle changes in shape, concentration or arrangement of atoms. (Image)
图3：杰柯尔与海德的故事-在电影海报中被夸张-在此作为对分子的准确隐喻。其截然不同的特性表现，可以由形状的细微变化，原子的浓度与排列决定。

We may not have witnessed this proliferation of beneficial and harmful qualities from such a multitude of molecules had it not been for the one property of chemistry that makes it a unique science. Chemistry is the sole human activity which can truly create that which never existed before in stunningly diverse quality and quantity [1].
也许我们不曾见证这些分子的化学特性带来的利与弊。化学是一种独特的人类活动，创造出惊人的量与质的多样性。

In the last one hundred years or so, chemists and especially organic chemists have transformed the science of creating molecules to the level of a finely honed art. Making molecules of arbitrary complexity on demand is an ability that reinforces humans’ position as the dominant species on our planet as much as any other. It exemplifies the highest forms of creativity of the kind signified by Shakespeare, Beethoven, Michelangelo and Newton. It is not an exaggeration to say that from a conceptual standpoint, chemical synthesis has been a world-shattering paradigm underpinning all of modern civilization, equal in importance to the invention of the calculus and the discovery of electricity.
过去100至今，化学家尤其是有机化学家将创造分子的科学转化成高水平的精细艺术。制造需要的复杂高分子物质是一种能力，巩固了人类作为地球生物统治者的地位。犹如莎士比亚、贝多芬、米开朗基罗和牛顿的高水平创造能力。从理论上毫不夸张地说，化学合成是现代文明的支柱，不亚于微积分的发明与电的发现。

Synthetic chemical substances so fully permeate our environment that it is all too easy to forget that someone had to discover them. Everything from the chair that we sit in to the clothes that we wear to the food that we eat to the drugs that we are prescribed to the buildings that we inhabit to the modes of transportation that get us to work consist in large part of synthetic molecules that did not exist before in nature. The ability of chemists to design and make these molecules is almost fearsome in its efficiency and versatility. Part of the fear of chemicals stems from the sheer novelty of new chemical substances and their all-pervasive presence in our lives. Sometimes we tend to fear the most, that which is most familiar.
化学合成材料充斥着我们的生活环境以至于我们难以想起是谁发现了他们。每一件东西，从坐的椅子，穿的衣服，吃的食物，开的药，居住的房屋，上班坐的交通工具，包含了大量的从不存在于自然界的化学合成物。化学家们设计和制造的合成物的能力从其效率与多功能用途让人胆寒。对化学物质的恐惧一部分来源于对新化学材料的好奇和他们在生活中无孔不入。有时候最令我们害怕的是我们最熟悉的。

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Figure 4: This sequence of steps illustrates the complex series of reactions- involving dozens of reagents and intermediate compounds- typically required for synthesizing a useful molecule. In this case the molecule is merrilactone A, a compound isolated from the Chinese star anise spice which may have have therapeutic value against neurodegenerative diseases. (Image credit: Wikipedia)
图4：这一系列过程揭示了复杂化学反应序列-包含众多反应物和中间产物-很典型地反映合成有效最终产物。图中的物质是merrilactone A，一种提取自中国茴香的化合物，在治疗神经衰退性疾病有作用。

One thing is for sure; whether we love or despise these chemicals, we cannot imagine a life without them. Much is made sometimes of the evils of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, but there cannot be a soul who would deny the untold number of lives saved by antibiotics and antiviral drugs largely developed by the pharmaceutical industry. Oil companies may be everyone’s favorite villains, but it is prudent to consider the tremendous net impact which the refining of crude oil by chemical means has had on transportation and power generation in the twentieth century. "Plastic is fantastic", not only in the popular song but in all aspects of real life, from surgical sutures to the powdery material used in diapers.
有件事必须要肯定；无论我们爱还是恨这些化学物质，我们的生活离不开他们。有时舆论会将制药厂和化学说得很邪恶，但无人否认不计其数的人被制药厂制造的抗生素和抗病毒药物医治。石油公司可能是最佳公敌，但是正是其谨慎地编织了一道大网，利用化学精炼原油供给20世纪的交通运输与能源使用。”塑料是奇异的“，不仅是在流行歌中，也是在现实生活的方方面面，从手术缝合到婴儿尿布的粉状物。

The organic food movement eschews the use of artificial fertilizers, yet we can never forget a simple fact; nitrogen fertilizers were made possible by the Haber-Bosch process, a method literally of turning air into bread, which by some estimates kept a fifth of the world’s population alive [4]. Whatever our feelings are about the humans who have created these molecules, the life-saving properties of the molecules themselves stand proudly in splendid isolation. More than any other science chemistry has directly fed us, clothed us and kept us from dying. It has overwhelmingly contributed to the high standard of living which we aspire to and take for granted.
有机食物运动回避了人造化肥的使用，但我们不能忘记；氮肥是从哈伯-博施法而来，这种合成法好比将空气变成面包，养活了世界人口的五分之一。无论我们对制造了这些化学物质的人有怎样的看法，这些救人性命的分子依旧傲然于世。相较于其他科学，化学直接供我们吃穿，让我们远离死亡。他赐予我们高水品的生活条件，我们理所当然地享受着。

A world without chemistry would be a dystopia in which humans would lack the means to protect themselves from the elements, be unable to travel long distances for want of efficient fuels, be powerless against microorganisms and would die from simple pinpricks and would starve to death from inadequate food production. Put simply, a world without chemistry would most certainly be a world which most of us- including even the most dedicated environmentalist and alternative medicine enthusiast- would not want to live in.
没有化学的世界堪比地狱，人类在自然中缺乏保护自身的工具，因缺乏燃料而无法长途旅行，对微生物无能为力，因小伤口而死亡，因缺乏食物而饥饿致死。简言之，一个没有化学的世界，绝大多数人-包括最极端的环境学家和无药用主义者-都不愿生存于此。

As we advance into the twenty-first century, this most human of all sciences will continue to amaze and thwart us with its complexity, utility and ambiguity. Chemistry will continue to be at the center of our efforts to solve the energy crisis, develop personalized drugs and transform agriculture. There will no doubt be tension between humans and the molecules they create. Under such circumstances public education will go a long way in dispelling unrealistic fears about molecules and their impact on human health and the environment, and this is one goal which the International Year of Chemistry is vigorously trying to promote. While these practical problems are being solved, chemists will continue to quietly enjoy what they have enjoyed doing for hundreds of years. They will gaze at colorful crystals, unravel the structures of alkaloids from frog skin, simulate the complex motion of enzymes on computers and study the cellular reactions that fuel life.
当我们迈进21世纪，这个复杂，多功能又具有双面性的人类科学将继续给我们带来惊喜与无奈。化学仍将是我们解决能源危机，发展个性药物与农业改良的核心。不可否认人类与其创造的化合物还是会有摩擦。在这种大环境下，大众教育在打破对化学物质不合实际的恐惧和他们对健康与环境的影响将有很长一段路要走。这也是国际化学年努力的方向之一。当这些现实问题解决后，化学家将静静地享受着百年来他们热衷的事情。他们会注视着多彩的结晶体，探究青蛙皮中生物碱的结构，模拟电脑上生物酶的复杂运作，研究维系生命的细胞反应。

Ultimately the truth about this human science goes deeper. We need to realize that the power of molecules to shock and awe resides in their creators. The physicist Richard Feynman once quoted an old Japanese proverb: "To every man is given the key to heaven. The same key opens the gates of hell". Interestingly, the dominant model for the mechanism by which a small molecule like a drug fits into the active site of a disease-promoting enzyme and modulates its activity is that of a "lock and key". Many drugs act by being the ideal key in a particular lock, but they can also fit into other unwanted locks and cause toxic side effects; the same key that cures a disease may open the gates of hell by causing overwhelming side effects. Chemists who design drugs keep on trying to make the key fit only one lock.
最终这门人类科学会越走越远。要想知道化学分子的功效需向创造者求教。物理学家理查德·费曼【某美国人最爱的物理学家，没有第二】曾今引述一条古老的日式名谚：”人人都有去天堂的钥匙，但同样也能敲开地狱之门。“有趣的是，小分子比如药物的机理模型与其配型病毒促进酶的活性部分的调整活动就像是“锁与钥匙”。很多药物是一把特定锁的钥匙，但他们也能打开其他无关的门，然后引起恶性副作用；一把能治愈一种疾病的钥匙可能打开地狱大门，引发不可估量的副作用。设计药物的化学家尽力保证一把钥匙只能打开一把锁。

The metaphor extends to all of chemistry. Every chemical substance is a key to the gates of heaven and hell. Ultimately we are the ones who decide what gate it will open. We hope to choose wisely.
这个隐喻能拓展到化学的各个层面。每一种化学物质都是一把打开天堂与地狱大门的钥匙。
我们最终的选择将决定哪一扇门将被打开。我们希望能明智地选择。

鄙人最后的话：文中的【human science】鄙人以为应翻译成【人类科学】而非【人文科学】。
                     鄙人自身渣翻译+非化学专业，欢迎讨论修改本文。
                      翻译了若干小时的鄙人，终于不行了。。

[fold]@甚没钱看看鄙人自己给自己找的事。。这篇是纯科普，您就当一般的文章看即可
      @RDX 其实，有没有觉得，鄙人是来捣乱的。。接下来这篇吧[/fold]